To be specific, for those cracks with the same width, the amplitude of diffracted waves generated by fatigue cracks is slightly higher than that generated by reflective cracks at the interface between the asphalt surface and the semi-rigid base layer. Furthermore, we find that the shape and pattern of diffraction hyperbolas of both types of cracks with bottoms at different locations are quite similar, but their amplitudes are significantly different. For those fatigue cracks and reflective cracks extending to the road surface, the amplitude curves of direct ground wave can intuitively indicate the locations of the top of the cracks and qualitatively compare the width of these cracks. By using a theoretical analysis and a numerical simulation, we compare the characteristics of corresponding radargrams, including the amplitude variation of diffracted waves with various models of presetting cracks inside the layered homogeneous media. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has the potential to detect cracks in the highway pavement due to the change of the electromagnetic properties of highway-pavement media, arising from the existences of cracks. It is important to distinguish between two common defects, fatigue cracks and reflective cracks, and determine their locations (the top and bottom) in the highway pavement because they require individually targeted treatment measures.
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